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The Persian Achaemenid Dynasty

The Persian Achaemenid Dynasty The Achaemenids were the decision administration of Cyrus the Great and his family over the Persian domain, (550-330 BC). The first of the Persian Empire Achaemenids was Cyrus the Great (otherwise known as Cyrus II), who wrested control of the zone from its Median ruler, Astyages. Its last ruler was Darius III, who lost the domain to Alexander the Great. When of Alexander, the Persian Empire had become the biggest domain so far ever, extending from the Indus River in the East to Libya and Egypt, from the Aral Sea toward the northern shore of the Aegean Sea and the Persian (Arabian) Gulf. The Achaemenids Cyrus I (managed at Anshan)Cambyses I, Cyrus child (controlled at Anshan) Achaemenid Empire Kings Cyrus II (the Great) [550-530 BC] (managed from Pasargadae)Cambyses II [530-522 BC]Bardiya [522 BC] (perhaps, a pretender)Darius I [522-486 BC] (administered from Persepolis)Xerxes I (the Great) [486-465 BC]Artaxerxes I [465-424 BC]Xerxes II [424-423 BC]Darius II (Ochus) [423-404 BC]Artaxerxes II (Arsaces) [404-359 BC]Artaxerxes III (Ochus) [359-338 BC]Artaxerxes IV (Arses) [338-336 BC]Darius III [336-330 BC) The immense locale vanquished by Cyrus II and his relatives proved unable, clearly, be controlled from Cyrus regulatory capital at Ecbatana or Darius focus at Susa, thus every area had a local senator/defender called a satrap (dependable to and delegates of the extraordinary lord), instead of a sub-ruler, regardless of whether the satraps were regularly sovereigns employing royal force. Cyrus and his child Cambyses began extending the domain and the building up a viable authoritative framework, however Darius I the Great culminated it. Darius bragged his achievements through multi-lingual engravings on a limestone cliffside at Mount Behistun, in western Iran. Compositional styles normal all through the Achaemenid domain included particular ordered structures called apadanas, broad stone carvings and stone reliefs, climbing flights of stairs and the most punctual form of the Persian Garden, partitioned into four quadrants. Extravagance things recognized as Achaemenid in enhance were adornments with polychrome decorate, creature headed arm bands and carinated dishes of gold and silver. The Royal Road The Royal Road was a significant intercontinental lane presumably worked by the Achaemenids to permit access to their vanquished urban areas. The street ran from Susa to Sardis and thus to the Mediterranean coast at Ephesus. Unblemished areas of the street are cobble asphalts on a low bank from 5-7 meters in width and, in places, confronted with a controling of dressed stone. Achaemenid Languages Since the Achaemenid domain was so broad, numerous dialects were required for the organization. A few engravings, for example, the Behistun Inscription, were rehashed in a few dialects. The picture on this page is of a trilingual engraving on a column in Palace P of Pasargadae, to Cyrus II, most likely included during the rule of Darius II. The essential dialects utilized by the Achaemenids included Old Persian (what the rulers spoke), Elamite (that of the first people groups of focal Iraq) and Akkadian (the old language of the Assyrians and Babylonians). Old Persian had its own content, created by the Achaemenid rulers and dependent on cuneiform wedges, while Elamite and Akkadian were normally written in cuneiform. Egyptian engravings are likewise known to a lesser degree, and one interpretation of the Behistun engraving has been found in Aramaic. Refreshed by N.S. Gill Sources Aminzadeh B, and Samani F. 2006. Distinguishing the limits of the chronicled site of Persepolis utilizing remote detecting. Remote Sensing of Environment 102(1-2):52-62. Curtis JE, and Tallis N. 2005. Overlooked Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. College of California Press, Berkeley. Dutz WF and Matheson SA. 2001. Persepolis. Yassavoli Publications, Tehran. Reference book Iranica Hanfmann GMA and Mierse WE. (eds) 1983. Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times: Results of the Archeological Exploration of Sardis 1958-1975. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sumner, WM. 1986 Achaemenid Settlement in the Persepolis Plain. American Journal of Archeology 90(1):3-31.

The Different Format For Your Book Report

The Different Format For Your Book ReportIf you are the owner of a business, it is important to have your own copy of your book report. It is also a great idea for you to have your book report in one location, rather than having to copy each page of your report from the computer or hard copy. This will make it much easier for you to maintain your organization's books and create your report.There are many different formats that you can choose from when creating your report. The best way to find the best format for your book report is to consider how you intend to use it. If you are just going to distribute your book report by email, then there is no need to print it out.However, if you are planning on printing it out, then you may want to consider the other formats that are available. By considering the other formats that are available, you can save yourself a lot of time and money. By doing this, you can ensure that your report is of the highest quality possible.One format that you c an use is a spreadsheet. This is because there are many great benefits to using a spreadsheet to make your book report. A spreadsheet is very easy to manage and you can print out as many copies as you need. You will be able to keep track of your business's financial information easily.In addition, the spreadsheet format is very easy to read. You do not have to worry about reading a book report because you will not have to be concerned with spelling mistakes or any other type of language problems. The formatting is very easy to read, which makes it easier for you to review the information and understand what you are reading.Another format that you can use is an excel report. There are some very great benefits to using an excel report. First, they are very easy to create and print. You can also print them out at a much lower cost. It is also a lot easier to read. You do not have to worry about any type of formatting and font problems.The last format that you can use is a Word document . Word is a format that is easier to edit than an excel report. This makes it a format that is easy to modify when you are trying to make changes to the information. Many business owners choose to use Word documents because they are very flexible and easy to work with.

Biblical Allusions Golding´s Lord of the Flies - 884 Words

In many classic novels, authors use biblical allusions to highlight a certain character or situation. By using biblical allusions, authors can help the reader better understand what it is that they want to convey through their literary work. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, Golding utilizes symbolism of places and characters to allude to the Bible. Out of the many references, four significant biblical allusions – title of the novel, Simon, beast, and the island itself – emphasize Golding’s theme inherent sin and evil in mankind. The title, Lord of the Flies, refers to the pig’s head that was placed on a spear and worshiped by the young boys on the island. In other words, the boys have chosen to believe in a fake deity, much like†¦show more content†¦For example, when the littluns follow Simon, â€Å"Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach, pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, [and] passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands† (56).Simon is the core of good within the destruction arousing within the other boys on the island. As a Christ-like figure, Simon’s actions mirror the Bible’s telling of the works of Jesus. For instance, Simon always strives to bring about sanity to the young boys, who slowly fall to their â€Å"inherent evil,† theorized by Golding. Similarly, until his death, Jesus attempts to bring about righteousness and even his death, in itself, was meant to cleanse the people who have sinned against the Lord, so that they would be forgiven. In addition, Simon can also be tied to the prophets in The Bible, because it was the prophets’ job to tell the consequences of the people’s sin, and Simon did try to rally the boys to stop their madness. And on top of that, Moses is also reflected within Simon, as there is a parallel scene of climbing down the mountain to tell the others the truth. For Moses, it was the Ten Commandments and to bring justice, and for Simon, it was the truth behind the â€Å"beast† and social rest: â€Å"Simon was crying out something about a dead man on a hill† (152). Even without knowing The Bible, the allusion would be effective as it is apparent that Simon is the â€Å"Good Samaritan† character, through hisShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies, By John Milton Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesby John Milton, something came to my mind: Lord of the Flies. There were similarities between these two readings, almost like Lord of the Flies is a biblical allegory to Paradise Lost. I was discovering biblical allusions in the novel Lord of the Flies, something I didn’t discover when I read the novel three years ago, Many debates between critics have been made about Lord of the Flies being a biblical allegory due to its substantial amount of allusions to Judeo-Christian Theology. After a lot ofRead MoreCompare the Ways H.G. Wells in the Island of Dr Moreau and Willia m Golding in Lord of the Flies Examine the Struggle Between Civilisation and Savagery in an Isolated Setting.2029 Words   |  9 PagesCompare the ways H.G. Wells in The Island of Dr Moreau and William Golding in Lord of the Flies examine the struggle between civilisation and savagery in an isolated setting. H.G. Wells and William Golding diversely explore the struggle between civilisation and savagery in an isolated setting, through their novels: The Island of Doctor Moreau and Lord of the Flies. Both texts feature an untainted island location, where characters morality and humanity is challenged by fear and lack of order. WellsRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1883 Words   |  8 Pagesfor the society. Lord of the Flies by William Golding is an allegory of the most ruthless dictator in history, Adolf Hitler’s rise to power. Golding, an english novelist, playwright, and poet, fought in the Royal Navy during WWII. Golding’s Lord of the Flies novel is not just about the boys on the island, but also the evil inherent in humans when all rules and laws are taken away. The horrors committed by Hitler is still remembered as one of the darkest sides of mankind. Golding manifested the entireRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 Pag estuberculosis at Cowan Bridge. Bronte s brother, Patrick, became addicted to drugs and alcohol before he died. Similarities: She, along with her three sisters, was sent to the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge. Charlotte Bronte lost her mother when she was five years old, and was raised by her aunt. Jane rejected two offers of marriage, but took one later; Charlotte rejected four offers of marriage, but accepted one later as well. Bronte based Jane s physical features off her. They are bothRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 PagesLegend of Sleepy Hollow, resembles his long-legged namesake. Names can also contain literary or historical allusions that aid in characterization by means of association. The name ‘Ethan Brand’, referring to the wandering lime burner who gives his name to Hawthorne’s short story, contains an allusion to the mark or brand of Cain a legacy of guilt that the outcast Brand shares with his Biblical counterpart. One must also, however, be alert to names used ironically which characterize through inversion

Essay on Life and Death in Poetry - 2090 Words

Life and death are two things that we as humans must all face. The road from one to the other, from life to death, is a long and at times, both joyous and painful one. Robert Frost’s poems are a prime example of these times and trials. The poems I chose for this paper highlight them, and with Frost’s allegory, they present a sort of silver lining to the string of dark and dreary words he’s pieced together for these poems. The depressing tone to the poems â€Å"Acquainted with the Night†, â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay†, and â€Å"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowing Evening† could be attributed to the death of many of Frost’s family members, and how despite this he overcame it all, and at the end of his life, was a successful writer. These poems to not go†¦show more content†¦I think that the decisions that we make, and that he has made have lead him out of the furthest city lights. The second portion, looking down the saddest city lane, is telling us that the character has seen some very depressing things as the result of his decisions and the decisions of others. â€Å"I have passed by the watchman on his beat And dropped my eyes unwilling to explain.† (Frost) These two lines give us a much better direction as to where this poem, and whatever situation this poem is about has gone. The character has passed by authority, carrying whatever burden he has on his shoulders, be it legal or illegal, and gone unnoticed. This may not mean a police officer; it could be a parent, a religious figure, perhaps even God, or someone who is supposed to be able to sense the wrongness of this sad, darkened walk. â€Å"Remaining unnamed, the emotion of Frosts poem bridges the gulf between the personas conception of God and his spiritual capacity† (Murray). The character drops his eyes in shame, unwilling to explain such deeds to them. I believe that this is a good description of how sometimes , though we have made decisions and followed through on them, we are burdened by making them, and even more burdened by their outcome. Shame is too strong of a word to use here. We can compare such a decision to a mother of two children taking a better job. However, though this job offers her more money, she works more than forty five minutes awayShow MoreRelatedLife, Poetry, And Death1467 Words   |  6 PagesLife, Poetry, and Death Death, madness, and love are the main points of impulse in Sylvia Plath’s life, a habit that can be described as part of the unconscious. According to psychological studies, the effects of trauma and experience on an author can manifest itself in their writing (Caruth). For instance, we learned that the suffering of Sylvia Plath her whole life due to depression, the attempted of suicide, and the death of her father. Those traumatic experiences influenced the writing and interpretationRead More Death in Life in Alfred Lord Tennysons Poetry Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesDeath in Life in Alfred Lord Tennysons Poetry Alfred Lord Tennyson, a Victorian poet, used characters from history and mythology for his poetry. Much of his poetry touches upon the subject of death and loneliness. For example, the Lady of Shallot dies when she looks beyond her inner world, Mariana lives in constant sadness over her departed lover, and Tithonus lives forever in an agony worse than death. With a background of melancholia, isolation or anguish Tennyson conveys themes ofRead MoreEssay about Death in Life and Love in Dorothy Parkers Poetry529 Words   |  3 PagesDeath in Life and Love in Dorothy Parkers Poetry Dorothy Parker, an accomplished American poet, exposes the darker side of human behavior through her epigrammatic style of poetry. She believed that a writer must say what he feels and sees. She specialized in the hard truths, particularly about death, in both life and love. Some major motifs present in Parker’s work include loneliness, lack of communication between men and women, disintegration of relationships, human frailties, and theRead MoreEssay about Death in Emily Dickenson1313 Words   |  6 PagesDeath in Emily Dickenson With the thought of death, many people become terrified as if it were some creature lurking behind a door ready to capture them at any moment. Unlike many, Emily Dickinson was infatuated with death and sought after it only to try and help answer the many questions which she pondered so often. Her poetry best illustrates the answers as to why she wrote about it constantly. She explains her reason for writing poetry, â€Å"I had a terror I couldRead MoreJohn Keats s Life Of Poetry1024 Words   |  5 Pagesvery troubling and traumatic life and it shows in his writings of poetry. Death and many other awful troubles causing him to have a life that anyone would feel horrible in. John Keat’s poetry has many dark recurring themes. One speculation is that his poetry was an escape from his melancholy filled life. There are many aspects to Keats’s life that could have been motivation to write his poetry. One would say that he connected works of poetry with the events of his life. John Keats was on born OctoberRead MoreEmily Dickinson: An American Poet1793 Words   |  7 Pagesway people view poetry and female authors. Her exceedingly complex life has proved a tremendous influence on her instrumental poetry, creating its originality and distinguishing her from other great poets of the nineteenth century. As well, her use of symbolism and imagery has continued to make her work celebrated. Although Emily Dickinson lived a private and reclusive life, full of death among many close family members and friends, her ability to write beautiful and captivating poetry has defined herRead MoreThe Theme of Death in Poetry by Emily Dickinson and Sylvia Plath918 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is a prevalent theme in the poetry of both Sylvia Plath and Emily Dickinson. They both examine death from varied angles. There are many similarities as well as differences in the representation of this theme in their poetry. Plath views death as a sinister and intimidating end, while Dickinson depicts death with the endearment of romantic attraction. In the poetry of Plath death is depicted traditionally, while Dickinson attributes some mysticism to the end of life. In the poem TwoRead MoreSylvia Plath: The Exemplary Confessional Poet1015 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1950s and 1960s, confessional poetry was essentially an autobiographical style of writing. Often focusing on topics that were taboo at the time like mental illness and suicide, it is no surprise that Sylvia Plath wrote poetry in this style. Plath suffered from depression most of her life and used writing as an outlet (Spinello). In her works â€Å"Cut,† â€Å"I Am Vertical,† and â€Å"Lady Lazarus,† Plath exemplifies confessional poetry through the themes of resentment, death, and mental illness. To understandRead More The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesspecial because he helped change poetry by giving it different focuses. Through looking at Edgar Allan Poes life, we will understand what motivated him to write what he did, what the meaning was behind these works, and how this changed poetry. Before Edgar Allan Poe, the common belief was that poetry should be about Truth, and that it should impart some morals. Poe disagreed, and strongly felt that poetry was not at all about passing along the Truth. Poetry should be about Beauty, and the excitementRead MoreEssay on The Death and Transfiguration of Poetry897 Words   |  4 PagesHonors September 30, 2012 The Death and Transfiguration of Poetry One of the greatest poetic minds of the 20th Century once said, â€Å"Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality. But, of course, only those who have personality and emotions know what it means to want to escape from these things.† It was Solari’s chief aspiration to show this to the world. â€Å"The Death and Transfiguration of a Teacher†

Lucid Dreams Essay Research Paper Lucid dreamers free essay sample

Lucid Dreams Essay, Research Paper ? Lucid dreamers report being able to freely retrieve the fortunes of waking life, to believe clearly, and to move intentionally upon contemplation, all while sing a dream universe that seems vividly existent? ( LaBerge, 1990 ) . In limpid dreaming, people become witting plenty to recognize what they are woolgathering, and hence can alter the dream they are holding. A theory widely accepted by many research workers, is? That limpid dreams are non typical parts of the dreaming idea, but instead brief rousings? ( LaBerge, 1990 ) . The research workers came up with the fact that the rousings were often go oning during REM slumber and this became the platform for limpid dreams. In the late 1970? s, grounds started demoing up that limpid dreams occur during REM slumber. To prove this hypothesis out, 4 scientists by the names of: LaBerge, Nagel, Dement and Zarcone got together and put up an experiment. In this experiment, the scientists had to utilize some kind of signal or response to find the exact clip the limpid dream was happening. In the experiment, the scientists used five topics and studied each from two to twenty darks, depending upon how long the scientists thought they needed. All in all, they studied the topics a sum of 34 darks and came up with a sum of 35 limpid dreams from assorted phases of slumber. Of the 35 limpid dreams, 32 occurred during REM slumber, and the other three took topographic point during other phases of the sleep rhythm. ? A ulterior analysis widening these informations with two extra topics and 20 more limpid dreams produced indistinguishable consequences? ( LaBerge, 1990 ) . This led LaBerge and the three other scientists to believe that limpid woolgathering normally occurs during REM slumber. Many other research workers were besides analyzing limpid dreaming and the clip of their happening. Two such research workers, named Keith Hearne and Alan Worsley, designed a survey of limpid dreaming. In their experiment, the capable exhausted 50 non-continuous darks in the Hull University sleep lab while the experimenter monitored the polygraph. From their surveies, there was a sum of eight lucid dreams and they said all of the dreams occurred during REM slumber. Another research worker, named Olgilvie, besides studied limpid dreaming. ? Olgilvie reported the physiological province predating 14 self-generated clarity signals as unqualified REM in 12 ( 86 % ) of the instances ; of the staying two instances, one was equivocal REM and the other appeared to be wakefulness? ( LaBerge, 1990 ) . Harmonizing to Olgilvie? s research, limpid dreams usually occur during REM slumber, but there is ever a little opportunity they occur at other times. Many other research labs that survey lucid wo olgathering agree with LaBerge, Hearne and Worsley, and Olgilvie that limpid dreams take topographic point during REM slumber. Lucid dreams come about in two different ways. In the usual type of dream, people are right in the center of REM slumber, when all of a sudden something unusual happens doing adequate image and representation for them to decelerate down and go cognizant that they are woolgathering. This is besides known as a Dream-initiated Lucid Dream ( DILD ) . In all of the limpid dreams people have, 80 % are said to be dream-initiated. In the other less common type, people are briefly awakened during a dream, but fall straight back to kip traveling into the dream once more. This all happens really rapidly with no or really small interruption in consciousness. This type of limpid dream is normally known as a Wake-Initiated Lucid Dream ( WILD ) . ? LaBerge? s informations indicates that while limpid dreams do non take topographic point during interludes of wakefulness within REM periods, a minority of limpid dreams ( WILDs ) are initiated from these minutes of transitory rousing, with the WILDs go oning in subsequent undisturbed REM slumber? ( LaBerge, 1990 ) . Out of organic structure experiences ( OBEs ) are experiences when people feel like they are seeing the universe from someplace other than their physical organic structures. The out of the organic structure individual will experience like they are in a universe like the 1 they are in while awake. Even though they are said to be out of organic structure, the perso N still has the feeling of holding a organic structure. OBEs can many different things to worlds. Sometimes, they are extremely traveling, but they can besides be really upseting. There are many accounts for what precisely OBEs are. One account is that the human consciousness offprints from the organic structure and travels in a detached signifier in the physical universe. ? Another thought is that they are hallucinations, but this requires an account of why so many people have the same psychotic belief? ( LaBerge and Levitan, 1991 ) . Others think the OBEs are natural occurrences coming from normal encephalon procedures and they happen to healthy people. There has been much support by many psychologists for this account because they say people who experience OBEs are? the mean healthy Americans. ? OBEs are similar to woolgather, but they seem more existent than dreams and they occur less often. ? Common facets of the experience include being in an out? out-of-body? organic structure much like the physical one, experiencing a sense of energy, experiencing quivers, and hearing unusual loud noises? ( LaBerge and Levitan, 1991 ) . Many scientists say that OBEs take topographic point at the beginning of sleep when people lose input from their variety meats but are still witting. OBEs occur to people when they are resting, kiping, woolgathering, ailment, and sometimes even when people are on medicine or drugged up. Many research workers say that people who have OBEs besides have limpid dreams every bit good as winging and falling dreams. Lucid dreams and OBEs have many differences. OBEs occur much less frequent than limpid dreams. In a limpid dream, the dreamer is for certain the event is a dream and in OBEs, the individual is convinced that the occurrence is existent and non a dream. In OBEs a individual typically dreams about being in their sleeping room, while limpid dreamers do non. After a individual has awakened from a limpid dream, they accept the fact that the dream was non existent and after a individual who had an OBE wakes up, they believe the experience was existent. Many limpid dreams have sexual content and it feels the same as existent sex, while OBEs barely of all time have sexual content. Limpid dreamers have a awfully difficult clip retrieving their dream, but on the other manus OBEs are clearly remembered. Lucid dreams normally happen signifier DILDs while OBEs are initiated from WILDs. Lucid dreams are much more common that OBEs where 50-70 % of the population says that they have had at least one limpid dream in their life. Merely 14-25 % of the population claim to hold had an OBE. By their definitions, a limpid dream is said to happen during slumber while an OBE is said to take topographic point while awake. In limpid dreaming, the dreamer and their physical organic structure are still together, and in OBEs the individual sees theirself as offprint from the physical organic structure. A limpid dreamer? s physical organic structure is non seeable while a individual who has an OBE normally has visibleness of their physical organic structure. Peoples who have OBEs normally have greater and more common positive feelings than do people who have lucid dreams. In decision, limpid dreams and out-of-body experiences are really different. One large ground for their difference is that in limpid dreams the dreamer and the physical organic structure are still together, and in OBEs the individual sees himself or herself separated from the physical organic structure. Although, limpid dreams and OBEs are really different there are besides some similarities between them. Many research workers say that OBEs are a type of limpid dream. Many limpid dream surveies that scientists conduct have experiences like OBEs. Despite being slightly similar, OBEs and limpid dreams are decidedly two separate things. Bibliography LaBerge, S. ( 1990 ) . Limpid Dream: Psychophysiological Surveies of Consciousness during REM Sleep [ On-line ] . Available: www.lucidity.com LaBerge, S. and Lynne Levitan. ( 1991 ) . Other Universes: Out-of-Body Experiences And Lucid Dreams [ On-line ] . Available: www.lucidity.com Wilson, I. ( 1994 ) . A Expression at Lucid Dreaming and Out of Body Experiences [ On-line ] . Available: www.spiritweb.org/Spirit/obe-wilson.html

Stephen King Essays - Novels By Stephen King, Stephen King

Stephen King If you have an imagination, let it run free. - Steven King, 1963 The King of Terror Stephen Edwin King is one of todays most popular and best selling writers. King combines the elements of psychological thrillers, science fiction, the paranormal, and detective themes into his stories. In addition to these themes, King sticks to using great and vivid detail that is set in a realistic everyday place. Stephen King who is mainly known for his novels, has broadened his horizons to different types of writings such as movie scripts, nonfiction, autobiographies, childrens books, and short stories. While Stephen King might be best known for his novels The Stand and It, some of his best work that has been published are his short stories such as The Body and Quitters Inc. Kings works are so powerful because he uses his experience and observations from his everyday life and places them into his unique stories. Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine, on September 21, 1947, at the Maine General Hospital. Stephen, his mother Nellie, and his adopted brother David were left to fend for themselves when Stephens father Donald, a Merchant Marine captain, left one day, to go the store to buy a pack of cigarettes, and never returned. His fathers leaving had a big indirect impact on Kings life. In the autobiographical work Danse Macabre, Stephen King recalls how his family life was altered: After my father took off, my mother, struggled, and then landed on her feet. My brother and I didnt see a great deal of her over the next nine years. She worked a succession of continuous low paying jobs. Stephens first outlooks on life were influenced by his older brother and what he figured out on his own. While young Stephen and his family moved around the North Eastern and Central United States. When he was seven years old, they moved to Stratford, Connecticut. Here is where King got his first exposure to horror. One evening he listened to the radio adaptation of Ray Bradburys story Mars Is Heaven! That night King recalls he slept in the doorway, where the real and rational light of the bathroom bulb could shine on my face (Beaham 16). Stephen Kings exposure to oral storytelling on the radio had a large impact on his later writings. King tells his stories in visual terms so that the reader would be able to see what was happening in their own mind, somewhat in the same fashion the way it was done on the radio (Beaham 17). Kings fascination with horror early on continued and was pushed along only a couple weeks after Bradburys story. One day little Stephen was looking through his mothers books and came across one named The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. After his mother finished reading the book to him, Stephen was hooked. He immediately asked her to read it again. King recalls that summer when I was seven, [my mother] must have read it to me half a dozen times(Beaham 17) . Ironically that same year, while Stephen was still seven years old, he went to go see his first horror movie, The Creature from the Black Lagoon. This is important because Stephen says, Since [the movie], I still see things cinematically. I write down everything I see. What I see, it seems like a movie to me(Beaham 17). During this year the biggest event that probably had the biggest impact on Stephen Kings writing style was the discovery of the author H. P. Lovecraft. King would later write of Lovecraft, He struck with the most force, and I still think, for all his shortcomings, he is the best writer of horror fiction that America has yet produced(Beaham 22). In many of Lovecrafts writings he always used his present surroundings as the back drop of his stories. King has followed in his footsteps with the fictional town of Castle Rock, Maine. Castle Rock is a combination of several towns that King moved to and from with his family in his childhood. The main town that it resembles is that of Durham, Maine. It was after the exposure to H. P. Lovecrafts stories that King first

Modernization, Postmodernism and the Third World

Modernization, Postmodernism and the Third World Which one do you personally feel is strongest in explaining the family? Why do you feel this way? Postmodernism concept involved an extensive range of ideals practices and methods which incorporated several significant and philosophical notions considered to be postmodern. The most common being post structuralism and feminism. It is hardly considered as a philosophical movement but rather a concept of handling traditional practices and ideas in a non-traditional mode which is totally different from the common super structural methods. However the exact definition of postmodernism has never been fully established.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Modernization, Postmodernism and the Third World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Postmodernism explains that most opinions on realities are social elements and are therefore likely to change. It puts emphasis on power relations, motivation in the rising of beliefs and ideas a s well as the role of language. It specifies the importance of differentiating male and female, white and black and colonial versus imperial. In addition it holds the reality of being dependent on the interested parties and the nature of those interests. It was claimed that there is no apparent truth in the world and that the way people view life is based on their cultures when growing up. Post-modernism had influenced several cultural fields such as music, architecture, history, religion, literature, sociology and visual arts (Santos, 1996). Relate the theory of the paper to social class Most scholars suggested that postmodernism was an uprising of ideas from the modern era. It was also termed as significant aspects of modernism. Since the term had so many ways of being expressed, the various aspects of modernity are criticized while they are chosen to be consistent. Arguments were raised on the basic nature of knowledge as known in philosophy. Those who consider the term meaningfu l argue that modernism has significant weaknesses in the knowledge system. The argument for the significance of the term implies that there has been establishment of decentralization of technological and economic factors. The media which has for a long time dominated perceptions of people was criticized as not being unique but would acquire information from each other. It was despised for lack of objectivity and meaning due to unreliable sources of communication. Globalization created pluralism and united the global community that lacked a domineering center of leadership or intellectual production. Moreover it was a force which caused decentralization of the modernized life by bringing creative ideas on manufacturing and communication (Ritzer, 1996). Why postmodernism? This is one of the elements that cover all sectors of a family. It gets easier to compare and contrast family values, cultures, and way of doing things as well as possible outcomes of upbringings.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strengths It is a liberating movement – Postmodernism offers reformations and a new way of doing things by showing concern to those who were oppressed in society. Those who have been in the modern times hardly went through oppression but rather some groups of women, ethnic minorities, racial groups and communities that were minimal in number. Those who also shared different opinions against the western cultures would go through oppression. In postmodernism, such groups were given the privilege of establishing their own sentiments as they thought right regarding gender, religion, race, oppression and politics. By championing the cause of the poor- Postmodernism presents the end of history that has been dominated by the western culture. It is therefore viewed as a phase of freedom because it liberates everyone who was bound in the boundaries of disco urse. In addition to this, people rejected the ruler ship of white people as they would call them. There was development even in the rural areas that had been neglected for a long time yet had potential. This portrayed a change in the defined roles because the third world gave its views and opinions according to their perceptions, but people opted to do their own research and present their views. However political movements determined a wide range of concepts and knowledge that would replace the western way of doing things. Cultural reinvention – Globalization is very significant in producing images that are related to the various traditions. As a result, pluralism and opinions on nationalism are managed in a better way. This form of managing pluralism can be defined as an enforcement of multiculturalism that gives way to the consistent birth of ethnic identities that would hardly compromise the set objectives of modernization. Cultural reinvention generally focuses on the va rious differences between the non western and western cultures.   Mass tourism and traditionalism – One of the results of globalization is mass tourism. This also is an important aspect of traditionalism. This provides a political and social cause for opposing a single model of cultures for modernization. Some of the programs based in communities for purposes of development are connected to traditionalism (Lee, 1994). Weaknesses Multiculturalism brings difficulties- It was argued that due to the knowledge gained from modern science, there was destruction of various forms of knowledge especially those that were strange to people who were dominated by western cultures. In effect, there was fear and silence amongst those with different views and their knowledge was dominated by destruction. This brought about crisis since people wondered how dialogue can be initiated in a multicultural way yet some cultures had been forced to remain quiet. It was therefore assumed that multi culturalism was implemented for a group of people who would later act like they were concerned with the non western cultures but would do nothing about it. Postmodernism is also Eurocentric met narrative- This implies that by rejecting the old met narratives was in another sense creating another one. Postmodernism was birthed in the west and had different views from modernity. Its main purpose was to destroy some of the old narratives such as history and tradition, and religion was controversial because it was these factors that brought a difference between the non western and the western. This is to say that postmodernists brought a new met narrative that helped establish the secular world. It was insisted that African civilization despised the ideas of the West. The non west was later marginalized because of the obsession by postmodernists who were full of cynicism and irony. Postmodernism barely deals with aspects of power because it hardly questions power structures, instead it establishes untrue notions that have caused the west to show respect to the non west by globalization. Therefore the process of including dialogue between the two cultures can be viewed as exclusion because the principles applied remain the same but the way of handling them is different. This shows a lack of commitment from the western, because they only do that to make it look like they have accommodated the non western. This brought questions like why it would be important to discuss a plan on development of the rural areas when the evaluators already have a method before it is implemented (Kellner, 1992). References Kellner, D. (1992). â€Å"Popular Culture and the Construction of Postmodern Identities.† New York: Oxford publishers. Lee, R. (1994). â€Å"Modernization, Postmodernism and the Third World.† London: Rout Ledge publishers. Ritzer, G. (1996). â€Å"Modern Sociological Theory.† New York: Macmillan publishers. Santos, D. (1996). â€Å"On Opposition al Postmodernism.† London: Rout ledge publishers.

Biography of Gilles de Rais 1404 - 1440

Biography of Gilles de Rais 1404 - 1440 Gilles de Rais was a French noblemen and noted soldier of the fourteenth century who was tried and executed for the murder and torture of numerous children. He is now remembered chiefly as a historical serial killer, but may have been innocent. Gilles de Rais as Noble and Commander Gilles de Laval, Lord of Rais (thus known as Gilles de (of) Rais), was born in 1404 at Champtocà © castle, Anjou, France. His parents were heirs to wealthy land holdings: the lordship of Rais and part of the Laval family possessions on his father’s side and lands belonging to a branch of the Craon family through his mother’s side. He also married into a wealthy line in 1420, uniting with Catherine de Thouars. Consequently Gilles was once of the richest men in the whole of Europe by his teens. He has been described as keeping a more lavish court than even the French king, and he was a great patron of the arts. By 1420 Gilles was fighting in the wars over the succession rights to the Duchy of Brittany, before being involved in the Hundred Years War, fighting against the English in 1427. Having proved himself an able, if brutal and low level, commander, Gilles found himself alongside Joan of Arc, taking part in several battles with her, including the famed rescue of Orlà ©ans in 1429. Thanks to his success, and the crucial influence of Gilles’ cousin, Georges de Ka Trà ©moille, Gilles became a favorite of King Charles VII, who appointed Gilles Marshall of France in 1429; Gilles was only 24 years old. He spent more time with Jeanne’s forces until her capture. The scene was set for Gilles to go on and have a major career, after all, the French were beginning their victory in the Hundred Years War. Gilles de Rais as Serial Killer By 1432 Gilles de Rais had largely retreated to his estates, and we dont really know why. At some stage his interests turned to alchemy and the occult, perhaps after an order, sought by his family in 1435, barred him from selling or mortgaging anymore of his lands and he needed money to continue his lifestyle. He also, possibly, began the kidnap, torture, rape and murder of children, with the number of victims ranging from 30 to upwards of 150 given by different commentators. Some accounts claim this ended up costing GIlles more money as he invested in occult practices which didnt work but cost regardless. We have avoided giving too much detail on Gilles crimes here, but if youre interested a search on the web will bring up the accounts. With one eye on these infractions, and possibly another on seizing Gilles’ land and possessions, the Duke of Brittany and the Bishop of Nantes moved to arrest and prosecute him. He was seized in September 1440 and tried by both ecclesiastical and civil courts. At first he claimed to be not guilty, but â€Å"confessed† under threat of torture, which is no confession at all; the ecclesiastical court found him guilty of heresy, the civil court guilty of murder. He was sentenced to death and hanged on October 26th 1440, being held up as a model of penitence for recanting and apparently accepting his fate. There is an alternative school of thought, one which argues that Gilles de Rais was set-up by the authorities, who had an interest in taking what remained of his wealth, and was actually innocent. The fact his confession was extracted through threat of torture is cited as evidence of severe doubt. Gilles wouldnt be the first European who was set up so people could take wealth, and remove power, by jealous rivals, and the Knights Templar are a very famous example, while Countess Bathory is in much the same position as Gilles, only in her case it looks very likely she was set up instead of just possible. Bluebeard The character of Bluebeard, recorded in a seventeenth century collection of fairy tales called Contes de ma mà ¨re l’oye (Tales of Mother Goose), is believed to be partly based on Breton folk tales which are, in turn, partly based on Gilles de Rais, although the murders have become of wives rather than children.

Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure Essay

Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure - Essay Example Through the study of the differences between two cases that set precedent for the decision of State v. Randolph (2002) in Tennessee, including California v. Hodari D. (1991) and United States v. Mendenhall (1980), these circumstances will be addressed. Also discussed within this paper will be how these decisions impact both law enforcement officers in trying to carry out the duties of their jobs, and how those same decisions can affect those with mental health conditions when faced with search and seizure circumstances. Response Paper Number One: Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure Differences in the Decisions Between California v. Hodari D (1991) and United States v. Menedenhall (1980) In the case of State v. Randolph (2002), as reviewed in the Memphis Law Review by Brent A. Heilig, the main issue to be dealt with is, in broad terms, the search and seizure of citizens. Though this practice, according to Mr. Heilig, is supported by Article I, Section 7 of the Tennesse e State Constitution, as well as the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, it is frequently questioned and cited throughout the case. For purposes of precedent, as with most legal cases, two previously decided cases were given for comparison, United States v. Mendenhall (1980) and California v. Hodari D. (1991). ... Mendenhall (1980), the Supreme Court concluded that if a person believed they were free to leave at any time, they were not seized. This is fairly straightforward. If a person believes that they are not free to leave an area before, during, or after being detained by law enforcement, they have been seized. If they believe that they are free to leave, they are not. However, in the case of California v. Hodari D. (1991), the Supreme Court ruled that a person was not considered â€Å"seized† unless some form of physical restraint was directed at an individual by an officer, or the individual has yielded to some form of authority shown, thus introducing a subjective element. Even the wording of the California v. Hodari D. (1991) decision is subjective; while a â€Å"form of physical restraint† can be interpreted fairly easily, as law enforcement officers have such means at their disposal, the term â€Å"show of authority† cannot. It is not defined, exactly, what a sh ow of authority is, whether it is calling for a suspect to halt, activating flashing lights on a patrol car, or simply showing some form of identification as a law enforcement officer. Regardless, the main point is that if they do not submit, they are not considered seized. The second main difference highlighted between the two decisions is that instead of moving in a broader direction as far as seizure parameters were concerned, California v. Hodari D. (1991) moves in the other direction completely. As per United States v. Mendenhall (1980), all that is required to define a seizure is the belief by a person that they are not free to go. This defines a broach scope of seizure, and sets a precedent for future cases that can easily be applied. By its very nature, the phrase â€Å"not free to leave† can

Media and communication theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Media and communication theories - Essay Example The rate of online literacy is increasing day by day. People find different ways of communication. We send SMS messages, we leave the messages on answering machine if the person is not available on phone, we use search engines for surfing, we use scanners, and we create the websites, we communicate via mails to any person. The person from one corner of the world can easily chat with another person sitting at the other corner of the world just through the medium of the computer and internet. The person can share his opinions before the huge mass through blogs, website, pictures, and emails. The new media has occupied almost all the fields. It is the traditional media who sew the seeds of democracy among the people and it is the new media who taught the audience how to become democratic in real sense. Thus the audiences have become active and participative. Here in this paper the main focus is on the role of audience in media production as well as media consumption Communicating the huge mass or creating good rapport with the people has been the major need since ancient time. In ancient time the kings use to propagate themselves through the contemporary traditional media such as sculptures or by building monuments. In ancient India for example the Emperor Ashoka’s rock edicts and pillar inscriptions are the examples of the ruler’s attempt to communicate with the large number of people. The Roman rulers used wall posting including the imperial dicta to inform the public. They were types of news bulletins and were known as Acta Diurna (Daily Acts). Some historians considered them as the first newspapers. On the onset of industrialization the invention of the printing press changed the entire scenario and the newspapers started publishing and thus they became the major source of information for the people. Theatre and other performing arts also played the role of

The Power of Superstition Essay -- Informative Essays superstitious

The Power of Superstition A superstition is the belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation. Superstition is also an irrational abject attitude of mind toward the supernatural, nature, or God or a notion maintained despite evidence to the contrary (Merriam-Webster). Superstitions are the most common relic of the past handed down from the ages. When & where did superstition come from? There is an abundance of superstitions to date. Basic superstitions can be broken down into three broad categories: Predictive, Causative and Conversion. Predictive superstitions are when people believe that a particular superstition will predict an oncoming event. Causative superstitions are based on someone actually doing something to make something bad happen. Conversion superstitions generally combine predictive and causative superstitions (Lechniak). There are many aspects of the wedding superstition. Weddings superstitions are some of the most commonly practiced. A few aspects of wedding superstition are...

1st Merit List Bs English Uog

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT 1ST MERIT LIST Hafiz Hayat Campus Department: Programme: S# Serial No. Form No. English Language (02) BS (15) Applicant Information Marks (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 00066 00048 00053 00085 00043 00038 2-310 00015 00062 00031 00050 00019 00040 00034 00044 00046 00051 00026 00001 00020 10005 07560 10862 15496 03676 03915 07220 00072 03577 15509 16023 06683 12333 10969 13602 07927 18530 11985 10409 03302 06529 13930Mahmoor Ghani Sheikh D/o Ziad Ghani Sheikh Wajeeha Khawar D/o Khawar Mumtaz Malik Ayesha Zahoor D/o Zahoor Ahmad Maria Fayaz Malik D/o M Fayaz ul Haq Awan Zainab Amjed D/o Amjed Shah Hajab Binte Fayyaz D/o Fayyaz Ahmad Cheem Farwa Arooj D/o Muhammad Sharif Afifa Khalid D/o Khalid Iqbal Tooba Pervaiz D/o Pervaiz Ahmad Ifra Azmat D/o Muhammad Azmat Maryam Tariq D/o Tariq Mehmood Ayesha Zahid D/o Zahid Pervaiz Rafia Ejaz D/o Ejaz Ahmad Ruhma Ahmad D/o Sher Ahmad Tayyaba Jamil D/o Jamil Anjum Junaid Zaman S/o M Iqbal Farah Nasim D/o Muhammad Nasim Ch.Muhammad Tayyab Shehzad S/o Shafqat Ullah Atif Zia S/o Zia Ullah Noorul-Ain Liaquat D/o Liaquat Ali Humaira Chaudhry D/o Bashir Ahmed 75. 66 73. 86 72. 24 68. 94 68. 91 68. 61 67. 63 67. 49 66. 76 66. 54 66. 45 66. 17 65. 96 65. 78 65. 65 64. 85 64. 70 64. 69 64. 67 64. 25 63. 98 Registrar UOG Information System (Admission Cell) Page 1 of 3 13 October, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT 1ST MERIT LIST Hafiz Hayat CampusDepartment: Programme: S# Serial No. Form No. English Language (02) BS (15) Applicant Information Marks (%) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 00003 00312 00068 00086 00055 00314 00047 00097 00037 00056 00096 00087 00313 00089 00033 00071 00016 00072 00017 00067 00059 07432 72356 16799 19225 18019 72358 10584 01747 13736 18058 18612 29332 72357 13212 13459 19452 03559 15971 15468 17707 17068Badar Zaman S/o Muhammad Zaman Zara Yousaf D/o Dr Muhammad Yousaf Saniha Khalid D/o Khalid Pervaiz Muhammad Arnan Ali S/o Sharafat Ali Muh ammad Usman Gohar S/o Muhammad Ramzan Haroona Mahtab D/o Zafar Iqbal Bisma Mushtaq D/o Mushtaq Ahmed Ranjha Alina Muzafar D/o Muzafar Hussain Maria Kokab D/o Mushtaq Ahmad Khushbakht Shoaib D/o Muhammad Shoaib Khawaja Faiqa Andleeb D/o Zafar Iqbal M Omer Javaid S/o Ansar Javaid Aqsa Ehsan ul Haq D/o Ahsan ul Haq Ammara Ansar D/o Ansar Hayat Muhammad Hamed S/o Abdul Majid Farwa Tahira D/o Ali Asghar Saba Inam D/o Inam Ullah Khan Zainab Imtiaz Warrich D/o Imtiaz Khalid Warrich Tasmia Younas D/o Muhammad Younas Abdullah Amjad S/o Amjad Mahmood Shafaq Khalid D/o Khalid Mehmood Butt 63. 74 63. 41 63. 23 62. 58 62. 34 61. 83 61. 49 60. 81 60. 38 60. 32 60. 01 59. 67 59. 19 59. 17 59. 13 58. 93 58. 89 58. 82 58. 52 58. 40 58. 30 Registrar UOG Information System (Admission Cell) Page 2 of 3 13 October, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT 1ST MERIT LIST Hafiz Hayat Campus Department: Programme: S# Serial No. Form No. English Language (02) BS (15) Applicant Information Marks (%) 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 00035 00095 00069 00088 00032 00027 00064 00094 00065 00073 00018 00090 00052 00049 00060 11833 21798 11178 20608 15219 15458 19561 21725 13763 19511 03783 16770 03557 16063 13499Sidra Qayyom D/o Abdul Qayyom Mehak Wasim D/o Babar Wasim Ather Syeda Zubaria Aqeel D/o Syed Aqeel Abbas M Saqlain Mukhtar S/o Mukhtar Ahmed Saba Nayab D/o Arshad Mahmood Hira Ahsan D/o Muhammad Ahsan Anum Nawaz D/o Muhammmad Nawaz Zunaira ch D/o Ch Salahuddin Syeda Samreen Jaffari D/o Syed Khaliq u Zaman Jaffari Saba Arshad D/o Muhammmad Arshad Ayesha Imtiaz D/o Muhammad Imtiaz Mughal Syeda Rizwana Sajad D/o Sajad Hussain Shah Sidra Naveed D/o Naveed Aslam Saba Asghar Paswal D/o M Asghar Paswal Shama Sahar D/o Riaz Ahmad 58. 19 57. 56 56. 69 56. 40 55. 99 55. 58 55. 46 55. 28 55. 25 54. 82 54. 71 53. 42 51. 68 51. 40 50. 52 Registrar UOG Information System (Admission Cell) Page 3 of 3 13 October, 2011

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson - 915 Words

The Lottery Games: The Stoning When a person thinks of the lottery they think of something good. They fantasize about all of the luxurious things they can now afford, and moving into a fancy new neighborhood. While playing games, there is a winner and a loser. The Hunger Games and â€Å"The Lottery† certainly include both. When some people play the lottery they gamble away their life’s savings with hopes of winning three or four times as much as they own. The lottery in this case is more of a death pool. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† shares infinite similarities with Suzanne Collins trilogy The Hunger Games. These dystopian societies are the last places civilians dream to reside. The Hunger Games and â€Å"The Lottery† are both deadly games, maybe not as blunt as Russian roulette but as lethal a Black Mamba. Similar to the storyline of â€Å"The Lottery†, in The Hunger Games people are chosen in an erratic manner to die. In both stories it is sane for people to be sacrificed for uncanny reasons. â€Å"The lottery was conducted-- as were the square dances, the teen club, the Halloween program—by Mr. Summer† (â€Å"The Lottery† 1238). In both stories, the protagonist is female and the antagonist is male. President Snow is the antagonist in The Hunger Games, he declares the beginning of the games and makes all of the decisions and rules. The antagonist in â€Å"The Lottery† is Mr. Summer, who just merely sees nothing erroneous with the lottery and does not demur about the agonizing death by stoning.Show MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not lik e Mega Million or Powerball one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Stereotypical Images And Old Brickwork Courts Law Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2478 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Manchester Minshull Street Crown Court was very much the stereotypical image of a court, complete with the old brickwork, the large courtrooms with lots of polished wood, and of course, the gowns and the wigs. In comparison, Manchesters Civil Justice Centre was much more modern, consisting of lots of glass and lots of floors. Although in the civil court it was only possible to view small claims trials, in the crown court, it was possible to observe part of a trial with a jury (the defendant was accused of engaging in sexual acts with a minor) and a case of assault which ended with a plea-bargain. Here, both courts will be considered for their differences and similarities, to try and find out how accurate perceptions of the law are. Two observations stood out in the Crown Court; firstly, the number of staff involved both in and behind the scenes of the proceedings. Although in every case, there will be a judge, solicitors or barristers (in some cases both) and i n certain circumstances a jury, the court room is a much busier place than first envisioned. For example, there will be the clerks of the court keeping the procedure running smoothly (e.g. escorting the jury in, swearing in witnesses) and there will be the security officer (who will escort the defendant in and out of the courtroom when required), as well as other staff members who keep the process going. Before the Judge is called, and the court is in session, there are constantly people walking in and out of the courtroom, usually counsel or other members of the court; sometimes a change of plea is issued at the last minute, and a scheduled trial by jury no longer takes place, or the court staff are confirming details of the case. Indeed, among the staff that dont constitute as counsel or the judiciary, the upcoming case is often discussed, bringing everyone up to speed before the case is called into session. A court trial procedure isnt simply the job of the lawyers and the judge as common perceptions might have one believe. Secondly, there is a lot more waiting around than anticipated. Trials and hearings do not always take place in one sitting, and they do not even have to be completed on the same day. As aforementioned, more often that not (and certainly more often than initially believed), a scheduled trial will no longer take place, usually due to a change in plea. The case surrounding assault initially was going ahead as a jury trial, but just before the case was due to be called into session, the defendant changed his plea to guilty, which meant a trial was no longer needed. Lord Devlin once described the jury as the lamp that shows freedom lives  [1]  . However, in reality, very few cases are tried by a jury. Only a small minority of cases are ever brought to trial, of which even fewer are actually tried before a jury, and during the visits to the Crown Court (which as it is only represent 2% of criminal trials  [2]  ), only one of the cases observed was brought before a jury. The jury itself in this instance could be considered as ethnically varied; although mostly white, there was (as far as could be seen) at least one juror from an ethnic minority, and the jury covered both genders in a roughly 2:3 male to female ratio. There was also a noticeable age variation among the jurors, from the estimated age of a university student to the estimated age of a pensioner. As a whole, the jury seemed to be quite involved in what they were doing. Some were paying close attention to the monitor to their left (at that time displaying video evidence) and others were taking notes. Of all the jurors, only the one who appeared to be a student seemed reluctant to be involved in the whole process. Although the way the judge directed the jury both at the beginning of the process and at the end wasnt observed, his instructions during the process were clear, helpful and authoritative, especially when setting up the video call an d when directing them as to the procedures during their break. Even though issues were discussed between the judge and the both counsels during the jurys absence, when they returned, the judge kept them informed of what had been said, keeping everyone organised and up-to-date. On the whole, in the Crown Court cases, most of the judges did fit with the stereotypical image in terms of age, gender and race: in all the cases observed, all were older white males, and all wore the traditional gowns and wigs anticipated by the public majority when in a court room. However, on the courts daily procedures listings, it was noticed that although the majority of judges were indeed male and of the ranking of Circuit Judge (supporting government statistics that 87.6% Circuit Judges are male  [3]  ), there was a singular female judge listed (although she had the ranking of Recorder rather than Circuit Judge, where females only make up 13.68% of the total  [4]  ). In a similar light, the re too were few judges from ethnic minorities, and those that there were from an ethnic minority had the status of a Recorder (6.02% of the total number of Recorders come from an ethnic minority  [5]  ). In all, the judges in all the criminal trials and proceedings observed didnt appear to have become case-hardened and cynical as proponents of a jury-based system will have people believe. The judges seemed willing to keep an open mind throughout the case and were friendly to everyone both during the proceedings and the time in between. In a case of assault, when the judge was giving his final statements, he took a moment aside from the case to thank the defendants mother (the defendant was a black male teenager, seemingly conforming to stereotypes) for coming to the trial. He went on to explain then about how many similar cases hed tried and how often the family of the accused actually bothered to go to the proceedings, so he was glad that the mother would still support her s on. Although not strictly law related, this feature of this one trial was surprising and challenged common perceptions that judges are stereotypically harsh and unfeeling. This was especially the case with young offenders in specific circumstances in the case of assault, the defendant was initially defending himself from attack and took the defence too far. One of the most interesting aspects of the Crown Court was the use of video-calling to interview a witness. This was most likely due to the fact the material witness was a fourteen year old girl, who for various reasons could not be present within the courtroom itself. A video-monitor was situated near to the jury and another was situated in view of the whole court, and these were used to both hold the video-call and to observe video evidence. The judge himself was in control of the call, echoing his authority. This case also interesting due to the fact it shows how serious evidence is taken by the judge although only fourte en, the witness was still required to be sworn in and how important tangible evidence actually is for a criminal trial. Unlike the proceedings in the Crown Court, the proceedings in the Civil Court had a much more restricted access, mostly due to the nature of the cases. A vast majority of the cases brought before a Civil Court are family proceedings, which means they are conducted in private, and this restricted the number of cases available for viewing. As of April 27th 2009, the restriction on journalists who wished to attend family court hearings was lifted, allowing for more proceedings to be heard publicly, but they are not given automatic access to court documents and reporting restrictions still remain in place, including the total ban on reporting Children Act proceedings and hearings concerning the maintenance and upbringing of a child  [6]  , even if this means nothing to the public majority. In comparison, in the Crown Court, where the cases are of a criminal nat ure, there are no restrictions on members of the press being present during any trial or case, even if the case itself is not open to the rest of the public  [7]  (which would only occur in cases of national security or cases of a highly sensitive nature). Out of the cases observed in the Civil Court, not one involved the use of a jury. Jury trials in civil courts are now very rare, and are restricted to cases of fraud, libel and slander, malicious prosecution and cases of false imprisonment. It too can be said that unlike in a magistrates or a crown court where their job is to determine the truth and validity of a case based on the evidence brought before them, in a civil court, their job is to base their decision on the balance of probabilities. During one of the small claims trials in the Civil Court, neither party had a fully qualified representative for their counsel. The defendant defended himself, and eventually lost the case partially on the basis that he didnt rea lly seem to understand the legal process (i.e. the procedure required for witness statements or how to ask witnesses questions that were actually relevant to his case) and as a consequence couldnt defend himself adequately. The judge constantly had to reiterate and qualify what he meant or what he was asking, which made the process much longer than maybe it needed to have been. In comparison, the claimant was in the process of taking the BVC and had previous experience within his company of similar cases, even if he wasnt yet qualified, and so had a much greater understanding of what was going on (he was able to include cases which constituted precedent for his argument and he understood how the whole process worked, such as addressing the judge and using the specific terminology). This seems to suggest that the case wasnt as understandable to a lay person as to someone who has some understanding of legal issues and terminology. In the Civil Court, there was a much greater use of precedent than in the Crown Court, supporting the prior observation that a civil case is decided on a balance of probabilities rather than on the basis of the validity of evidence presented (e.g. cases include Lumley v. Green  [8]  , OBG Ltd v Allan  [9]  ). This isnt to say that evidence isnt used in a Civil Court or isnt equally as important, but it emphasised the extent to which a criminal trial is mostly based upon evidence which is unique to a certain case. A civil trial is different in that the specifics dont matter quite as much as the way similar cases have been settled in the past. The proceedings in the civil court were a much more continual process, or at least in the small claims trial the proceedings were more continuous. Whereas as aforementioned, the criminal trials involved a lot of sitting around, the cases in the civil court werent interrupted once, with the entire case laid out before the judge and then his decision being made at the end of the proceed ings (in one case, his decision to issue damages to be paid by the defendant). However, these small claims trials arent fully representative of all the proceedings in the civil court, despite making up a large percentage, and it must be acknowledged that proceedings in full trials of other matters may indeed have been much different. Indeed, whilst waiting for a small claims trial to come into session, many counsel were observed walking around the courthouse, dressed in the traditional gowns, so whilst there were no wigs or gowns in the small claims trial, this doesnt mean they arent used in a trial in a higher court. The same therefore can be said about the proceedings what goes on in a lower court in front of a district judge may not be the same as one in a High court. Similar to the Crown Court, the judge in the small claims trial was male, however didnt fit into the stereotypical image of a judge he was Asian, fairly young and didnt wear any of the traditional gowns. Unlike the Crown Court too, he was referred to as Sir rather than Your Honour, which implies that the proceedings in this type of court case are a lot less formal than perhaps in a criminal trial (e.g. the members of the court werent required to stand when the judge entered) or even a civil trial in a High Court. So although he could potentially be viewed as holding a lower rank, this is not due to his ethnicity a High Court Judge simply isnt required to sit in on such a minor issue and there was no way of determining the race of the other judges in session. In the same light, there was no way to determine whether or not there were any female judges in session, or their rank, simply due to the trials available to see. Despite this, there were plenty of female staff, usually in administrative roles or acting as counsel, most noticeable acting at the clerk of the court. However, unlike in the Crown Court, she left almost immediately, leaving very few people in the courtroom as proceedings unfolded. The organisation of the civil court seemed to be a bit lacking, with proceedings being held up due to a lack of judges being in attendance or simply because parties involved were still trying to settle before their case was brought into session. In the same manner, cases which are scheduled do not always go ahead as planned as a defendant in a criminal trial will change his plea, so too can parties in a civil trial settle before they go before a judge which meant there was a lot of waiting around for proceedings to begin. This seems counter to the claim that a civil courts principle objection is the avoidance of delay and the minimisation of delay if it cannot be avoided entirely  [10]  , especially in light of the judges power to adjourn hearings at their discretion. In conclusion, many common perceptions surrounding court procedures are actually unfounded, both in the civil area and in the criminal. There are many more similarities in the different courts tha n originally perceived, but there are also some differences that were unexpected, such as the formalities of procedure and the amount of people actually involved in the different court processes. However, despite their similarities, the two types of court are very different in their nature (such as the types of cases they deal with) and these difference are obvious from watching the different proceedings. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Stereotypical Images And Old Brickwork Courts Law Essay" essay for you Create order

The Pollution Of China And Its Effects On The Environment

Science is developing everyday. There are numerous amounts of products coming out from the companies and being wasted everyday. Interesting fact is even though people are brilliant at making new products, but they do not have solution how they are going to do with the waste after being used. Most of the wastes are ship to developing countries in Asia. The major country would be China. Since China has 3rd largest land scale in whole world there are numerous amount of trash to be buried or burn. Also, there are a lot of companies around the world have factories in China, because they have cheap labor and huge land. Major company would be Apple, Omega watch, and other huge companies we know. Since china takes numerous amount of percentage of human population around the world there are food problems in China, which affects the sustainability in environment. Since there are numerous amounts of factories in China they produce carbon dioxide and other toxic chemicals in to the air and water , which most of the people know. However, not much of people know about the dust called â€Å"yellow dust†. Yellow dust is a dust that is tinier then a human hair, which has been mixed with the sand from the dessert and toxic dust that is coming out from the factories. The yellow dust move it’s way from China to Korea, Japan, and even to United States. There are numerous amounts of effects to the environment and human. For environment yellow dust blocks the sunlight by covering up the plant’s leaves.Show MoreRelatedA Major Area China s Air Pollution Effects On The Environment1568 Words   |  7 Pages A major area China s air pollution effects is the environment. With this in mind a way the pollution damages the environment is through acid rain (Air pollution in China). 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Introduction to Marketing M1 and D1 Free Essays

Introduction to Marketing – Comparing Marketing Techniques in HMeting Techniques in Hollister and Primark For this assignment I was meant to write about Primark and Hollister. I am still basing part of my assignment on Primark. But, I have changed Hollister to H M as I was unable to find any information on Hollister The information I found on Hollister the background I couldn’t find anything about aims and objectives and how Hollister market the business. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Marketing M1 and D1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The information I found on Hollister Hollister is an American lifestyle brand. The concept of Hollister was originally designed to attract customers between the ages of 14 to 18 as there prices are lower than the parent brand. Hollister clothing line was inspired by the parent brand SoCal. Hollister products are available in store across the world and online. Hollister was the second most preferred clothing on a list West Coast companies in 2008. The businesses I have chosen for this assignment are Primark and HM. HM Primark is an Irish clothing retailer, in Ireland Primark is known as Penneys. Primark have different store all around the world such as Portugal, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands United Kingdom and Belgium. Primark’s main headquarters are in Dublin. Primark first opened in 1969 on Mary Street in Dublin. Primark’s mission statement: â€Å"To supply quality clothing at prices perceived to offer real value. † Primark’s aims and objectives are: * To provide good quality products to customers. Primark want customers to know that they are an excellent company which provide good products for low prices. Primark achieve this by doing tests on their clothing and product to examine the quality of the goods they sell. Profit Maximisation * To sell products and clothing at reasonable prices. Primark want their customers to have a variety of clothing and product at suitable prices. Primark well achieve this aim by looking at what other high street store are selling and make their prices lower so they stay ahead of their competition. * To be helpf ul and friendly to customers and other employees. The customer of Primark like the atmosphere at Primark and service given this well make them to come back so therefore Primark well gain repeat customers. Primark will achieve this by greeting the customer as they walk in. By doing this Primark employees create an excellent atmosphere for customers as the greeting makes them feel welcome. * To treat everyone the same. A customer at Primark needs to feel that they are treated the same as any other customer at Primark. If a customer feel they are being treated differently to someone else they are more likely to shop somewhere else so therefore Primark well lose customers because the customer who thinks they were treated unfairly will tell their family and friends about their experience at Primark so word of mouth well have an impact on Primark. H M’s mission statement: The aims and objectives of H M are: HM aims: * To show appreciation. * To encourage long-term commitment. * To promote future recruitment. * To strengthen HM as an attractive employer. HM have three mean marketing objectives the three objectives are: * To make the HM brand name more well known by doing more promotion example more advertising. The HM brand need to be more outstandingly outside of significant cities. In the USA more people are unaware of what HM offer. So to gain more customers and beat their competitors HM are advertising the brand in different way compared to their competition example HM membership. If you are a member of HM you can get text messages and email informing customers about the newest product HM have. The HM brand need to be well known as the more people know about the brand, the easier it is to expand such as more stores in more countries. * To focus on the fact which HM’s regular sale prices are usually lower than their competitors. The second objective of HM is to focus a percentage of the advertising to the fact that HM average sale prices are more regularly lower than their competition. HM rely on nonstop focus on cutting cost. Also the officials in HM buy the materials as cheaply as possible; HM also need to keep their overheads low. All the advertisements focusing on HM’s low price but good quality products. This helps keeps the HM’s brand image in a positive light among their teenage customers while still stating that they are good value for money. To use economic slowdown as a possibility to expand by obtaining more low – cost venue and prepare for future economic growth. HM want to expand in the USA by securing low cost venues. As the economic property market gets worse HM which leases it’s will find it more straightforward acquiring prime locations at excellent period. This will give HM an advantage when the property market picks back up. HM use the opportunity to expand to l ow – priced venues for the future climb in the brand There are similarities in the way Primark and HM market their products for example jeans. Primark market their new collection of jean on the internet by having â€Å"pop up† advertisements on line for example on if you have an email contact sometimes there are advisements. HM advertise the same way as Primark but they also have television advertisements advertising for example a new pair of jeans. Also if you’re a member of the HM you get emails to your email address informing the receiver about any new collections. Primark do give got leaflet or fashion books with the season’s current fashion in which can be found at the store. HM do give their customer leaflets and booklets informing them of the season current fashion which HM sell in store. For example the leaflet or booklet could be about all the different types of jeans HM sell. It is also type advertising. If Primark were to give their customers leaflets and booklets they would gain more customers. HM do competitions but HM customers are only allowed to enter the completion once they have spent a certain amount of money at their store or on line. Primark don’t do competitions as their purpose is to gain customers by selling products cheaply. HM give out vouchers to their customer and also do discounts at the end of season on their clothing this is a great marketing strategy because the customer knows that HM want to make a profit but they also take the customers The two marketing tools Primark and HM use are Market Penetration and Market Development. Market penetration is used in Primark and HM. For example Primark and HM sell clothing such as jeans tops dress coats jackets e. . which are existing products to existing markets. Using market penetration is a marketing strategy which the aim is that Primark and HM Primark and HM both use market development because the aim of market development is to sell existing products into new markets. Primark and HM have opened store around the world. HM also distribute clothing in different ways. Example they have an order before 3pm and you get the product you ordered the next day. You can also order online and collect at the store which is local to you. Market development is a dangerous strategy compared to market penetration because market development target new customers and markets. To conclude this report I think that branding and (something else) are need in Primark and H M in order for the business to be successful. Marking strategies are key in business in order to give the business structure. Introduction to Marketing – The Effectiveness of Marketing Techniques used by HM Market penetration are customer know purchase a product. For example if someone was to purchase a limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at HM . The market would be people in the UK who like limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at HM. HM would grow by the rising number of people in the market who have bought the dress at HM. Market development is when a business sells an existing product to new markets such as new customers. So in the example of the a limted edtion Anna Dello Russa at HM. HM could sell limted edtion Anna Dello Russa Rangein America. The product wouldn’t have changed, the prouct is just being sold to a different market to different customers. One of the advantages of using market penetration is that HM would offer lower prices for a specified period to attract new customers. The customers might not respond when the normal price returns. But during that period they will get more customers. A disadvantage of using market penetration is that it could result in reduced profitability. As when using market penetration HM reduce pricing meaning they may result in profits being low. If HM were to launch a new range the result in sales may not cover the adversiting coasts and distribution costs. As market penetration seeks to achieve four main objectives what are: * To maintain the market share of current products. * Secure dominance of growth markets. * Restructure a mature market by driving out competitors. * Increase usage by existing customers. The advantage market penetration is that it can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and personal shopper. HM do all of the strategies listed above they adviste on telvision and online and in local area by posters. For the more high end people they even offer a personal shopper service. HM use market penetration to adviste the business to make it more known for example when HM advertise they are letting there customers know what products they are selling HM uses another objective of the market penetration to their advantage by increase usage by existing customers by having a loyalty scheme. HM offer a store card to their customers when their customers use the store card they get discounts on certain products in the shop. * It identifies what customers want. Market development indenties what customers want. Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including: * New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country * New product dimensions or packaging: for example New distribution channels (e. g. moving from selling via retail to selling using e-commerce and mail order) * Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments Market development is a more risky strategy than market penetration because of the targeting of new markets. The advantage of using market development is that HM sell products such as clothing that all ready exists to new customers/ markets. Another advantage of market development is that HM are selling clothing to new customers in different countries. The disadvange of doing this is that ecomic changes can happen in the countries which HM have expand to meaning that they will therefore may lose money and their share holders divident can go down. The disadvange of using market development is that it is risker than using market penetration. The reseach I did to come to the conclusion I have made can be found on these websites and in the books listed below: Bevan, John; Coupland-Smith, Helen; Dransfield, Rob. BTEC Level 3 National Business, Book 1. http://www. penetrating. net/ http://www. s-m-i. net/pdf/Business%20strategyntro. pdf How to cite Introduction to Marketing M1 and D1, Essay examples

Black Veil Brides Crtique free essay sample

The powering licks, guitar solos and harmonies by guitarists Jake Pits and Jinx are powerful crowd rising, something reminiscent of Motley Crye and KISS (their main influences). Set The World on Fire had me running through my house air guitar-ins and pretending was playing a sold out arena. It is a much more confident and dominating sound than their first record We Stitch These Wounds. With the addition of new Drummer Christian C. C. Coma, the band grows a lot more than on the first record. The beat is more loud and crazy.They won Best New Band at this years Golden God Awards and Best International Newcomer Kerning Awards. Upon accepting his lifetime achievement award rock legend Alice Cooper (of Alice Cooper Band) shouted them out for keeping rock theatrical, having a strong image, and entertaining fans in a way that has been missing in rock for over 20 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Veil Brides Crtique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The band sets a new standard for themselves with this record and fans should not expect anything less than this quality after this record. Set the World on Fire is sure to please fans and extend the bands growing base even further.

102 Prejudice and Monsters Professor Ramos Blog

102 Prejudice and Monsters Prejudice Prejudice What is prejudice? Prejudice   preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. What monster theory can help us better understand prejudice? What one do you see as connected to it? Why does this matter? Superficial vs. Deep Thinking What is the difference? Superficial research vs. Deep Research

Stem cell tech essays

Stem cell tech essays Dr. James Thomson, and Dr. John Gearhart Human first cultured embryonic stem cells in 1998. Studies done on test animals indicated that it may be possible to manipulate stem cells to produce certain desired cells. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that are the building blocks for all other specialized cells. Stem cells fall into two different categories Pluripotent, and Multipotent. Pluripotent cells are embryonic stem cells, they bring about the bases for many different types of cells. From the pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells are produced, which are more specialized. This process continues and the cells become more specialized until they become specific cells of the body. This technology will be very beneficial to human kind because, when mastered, entire organs could be gown to replace damaged ones. Dr. Thomson obtained embryos from In Vitro Fertilization clinics and isolated the inner cell mass of the embryos at the while they were in the blastocyst stage. He then cultured the isolated cell mass. Dr. Gearhart obtained his cells differently. Dr. Gearhart used fetal tissue from terminated pregnancies specifically he used the cells of the fetus that were going to be the reproductive organs. Using the cultured cells, and an egg cell that has had it nucleus removed, researchers then fused the two. The results of this procedure is a cell with the potential to develop into a fully functional organism. Soon it will be possible to repair or replace damaged organs using stem cell technology. Using samples from the person with the damaged organ the genetic material would be removed and injected into donated human eggs (from which the chromosomes have been removed). These altered cells are grown in a lab, where they develop into embryos that can be cultured to make embryonic stem cells, from which new organ cells can be produced. ...